Researchers of a commentary on a systematic review of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission through acupuncture voiced several concerns. The authors, they contend, combined diverse study designs, including cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies, which introduced bias and reduced the reliability of the conclusions. Specifically, mixing case-control and cohort studies led to inconsistencies. They propose that a more accurate approach would have focused on cohort studies comparing HCV incidence in those exposed to acupuncture versus those not exposed. The review’s lack of attention to confounders, missing predefined PICO criteria, and limited database searches further weakened its conclusions.

Additionally, the review did not compare acupuncture’s HCV transmission risk to other factors like dental treatments, surgeries, and transfusions. The conclusion that acupuncture increases HCV transmission was not well-supported by data, as the risk associated with acupuncture was lower than other interventions. Acupuncture performed by trained professionals using disposable needles is generally safe. The review’s failure to provide a balanced comparison diminishes its value. The researchers stressed that future studies must follow transparent and unbiased reporting to ensure evidence-based clinical practices that prioritize patient safety without exaggerating or minimizing risks.

Reference: Kim T, Lee MS, Lee H.  Does Acupuncture Increase the Risk of Hepatitis C Virus Transmission? A Commentary on the Currently Published Article, ‘Risk of Hepatitis C Virus Transmission through Acupuncture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’. Korean J Gastroenterol. 2024;83:69-71. https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2023.134