In the 1970s, many cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis, termed non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH), were reported without a known cause until the hepatitis C virus (HCV) was identified in 1989. This discovery led to diagnostic tests that significantly reduced new infections. Despite advancements, HCV remains a global health issue and a major cause of liver diseases. Over the years, HCV research has been a successful model of translational research, leading to the development of direct antiviral agents (DAAs) that cure over 98% of infections. Collaborative efforts have resulted in national and global elimination programs, but challenges in preventing new infections and improving treatment access persist.

This study chronicles the history of HCV research and highlights the impact of coordinated biomedical and clinical efforts, from identifying NANBH to developing effective antiviral treatments. Significant milestones include the Nobel Prize-winning contributions of Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton, and Charles M. Rice. Despite these advancements, HCV continues to be a global health challenge with millions affected, many unaware of their infection. Progress in screening, treatment access, and prevention, along with reducing drug costs and simplifying protocols, is essential to meet the World Health Organization’s goal of eliminating HCV by 2030.

Reference: Manns MP, Maasoumy B. Breakthroughs in hepatitis C research: from discovery to cure. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Aug;19(8):533-550. doi: 10.1038/s41575-022-00608-8. Epub 2022 May 20. PMID: 35595834; PMCID: PMC9122245.